Who bears the burden to disprove a defense beyond a reasonable doubt?

• A. The defendant.
• B. The defense.
• C. The judge.
• D. The prosecution.

Answer: (D)

In criminal trials, the key idea is that guilt must be shown beyond a reasonable doubt, and the burden to meet that standard rests with the prosecution. Even when the defendant raises a defense, the prosecution must still prove every element of the charged crime beyond a reasonable doubt and effectively overcome that defense. The defendant is presumed innocent and does not have to prove innocence or disprove the defenses; the judge’s role is to ensure the trial follows the rules and to instruct on the standard of proof. So, the party responsible for proving guilt—and thereby addressing any defenses raised—is the prosecution.